Knowing how to perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) effectively can be the difference between life and death. But did you know that the technique varies depending on the age of the person in need? Whether you're a first responder, a parent, or a healthcare professional, understanding these differences is critical.
This guide will walk you through the distinct steps for performing CPR on adults, children, and infants, helping you feel better prepared in an emergency situation.
Why CPR Techniques Differ Across Age Groups
CPR techniques need to be adapted based on the size, fragility, and physiology of the person. Adults have larger, stronger chests, whereas children and infants have delicate ribcages and faster heart rates that require gentle handling. Using the wrong technique could cause harm, so learning age-appropriate methods is essential.
How to Perform CPR on Adults (Ages 8 and Older)
When performing CPR on an adult, time is critical since brain damage can occur just minutes after the heart stops pumping effectively. Follow these steps carefully:
Step 1: Assess the Situation
- Ensure the area is safe for both you and the victim.
- Tap the person’s shoulders and loudly ask, “Are you okay?”
- If they are unresponsive, call 911 immediately or instruct someone nearby to call.
Step 2: Check for Breathing
- Make sure the person is lying flat on their back.
- Tilt their head back slightly by lifting the chin and check for normal breathing (gasping is not considered normal).
- If they’re not breathing or only gasping, begin CPR immediately.
Step 3: Perform Chest Compressions
- Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest, on the sternum, with your other hand on top. Interlace your fingers.
- Straighten your arms and push hard and fast, aiming for a depth of 2–2.4 inches.
- Perform compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (think of the rhythm of the song Stayin’ Alive).
Step 4: Provide Rescue Breaths
- After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths. To do this effectively:
- Pinch the nose shut.
- Create a seal over their mouth with yours.
- Blow air steadily into their lungs, watching for chest rise.
- Repeat the cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until help arrives or the person regains consciousness.
Pro Tip
If you’re untrained or unsure about rescue breaths, focus solely on chest compressions, as compressions are the most critical aspect of CPR.
First Aid HomeMed Pack
$34.95
$41.94
Features: Stay prepared for emergencies with the HomeMed First Aid Pack. Loaded with essential medical supplies, this kit offers 240 pieces and includes everything you need for an emergency situation. Perfect for families and households. … read more
How to Perform CPR on Children (Ages 1–8)
Children’s bodies are more fragile than adults, so CPR for children requires a gentler approach. Injuries from improper technique are a risk, so precision is key.
Step 1: Assess and Call for Help
- Check for responsiveness and breathing, just as you would with an adult.
- If you’re alone without a phone, perform 2 minutes of CPR before leaving the child to call 911.
Step 2: Chest Compressions with One Hand
- Use only one hand to perform compressions for a child.
- Place the heel of your hand on the center of their chest. Be careful to avoid applying pressure to the lower ribs.
- Push to a depth of about 2 inches, maintaining the same rate as adult CPR (100–120 compressions per minute).
Step 3: Provide Gentle Rescue Breaths
- Give 2 rescue breaths after every 30 chest compressions.
- Use less force than you would on an adult, as children’s lungs are smaller and more delicate.
- Ensure the chest rises naturally during each breath.
When to Stop
Continue cycles of compressions and rescue breaths until emergency help arrives or the child begins breathing normally.
Key Reminder
Always be extra mindful of the child’s smaller body structure—you’re aiming to save, not inadvertently harm.
How to Perform CPR on Infants (Under 1 Year Old)
Infants have especially sensitive chest bones, so CPR for babies requires the utmost care and delicate handling.
Step 1: Ensure Responsiveness
- Gently tap the infant’s feet or shoulders and check for any response while calling their name.
- If the baby is unresponsive, yell for help. If alone, perform 2 minutes of CPR before calling 911.
Step 2: Open the Airway
- Carefully tilt the baby’s head back using one hand on their forehead and two fingers under their chin. Be cautious not to tilt too far, as an infant’s airway is fragile.
Step 3: Perform Chest Compressions with Two Fingers
- Use two fingers to press the center of the infant’s chest (below the nipple line).
- Push to a depth of about 1.5 inches, compressing at the same rhythm of 100–120 per minute.
Step 4: Provide Small Puffs of Air
- Cover the infant’s nose and mouth with your mouth, creating a tight seal.
- Use a gentle puff of air (about the size of a normal cheek puff) to avoid over-inflating their lungs.
- Perform 30 compressions, followed by 2 small puffs of air.
Important Consideration
Rescue breaths are even more critical in infant CPR since most cardiac arrests in babies result from respiratory issues rather than heart problems.
Common Questions About CPR
Do I Need a CPR Certification to Perform CPR?
No, you don’t need certification to perform CPR in an emergency. However, obtaining training ensures you’re more confident and prepared when the need arises.
Should I Be Worried About Hurting Someone While Giving CPR?
While it’s possible to cause minor injuries, such as broken ribs, providing CPR is far better than doing nothing. You’re giving the person a chance at survival.
What Happens If I’m Not Sure About Doing Rescue Breaths?
If rescue breaths make you uncomfortable, continuous chest compressions are better than skipping CPR altogether.
First Aid MiniMed Pack
$19.95
$23.94
Features: Comprehensive and essential kit for any medical emergency. Contains all the necessary supplies to tend to minor injuries and prevent their progression. Have peace of mind knowing you're prepared for any unexpected situation. … read more
CPR Saves Lives—Learn and Act
CPR is an indispensable skill for first responders, parents, and healthcare professionals alike. Knowing the differences in techniques for adults, children, and infants equips you to act quickly and appropriately in emergencies.
If you’re interested in learning more or want to become CPR-certified, consider attending a hands-on training session through your local Red Cross or health organization. Life-saving knowledge is only a step away!
